ceramics, glass and enamels
ISSN 2076−0655
Volume 30
Any article from the issue, as well as the entire issue, can be purchased electronically
KEY WORDS:
sustainable development, cement production, decarbonization, Best Available Techniques
The article presents key technological, technical, organizational and managerial solutions aimed at reducing carbon intensity of cement production. Authors emphasize that cement industry is one of the resource and carbon intensive industries; decarbonization requirements and sectoral programmes are developed both at the international and national levels. The article analyzes CEMBUREAU’s Carbon Neutrality Roadmap for the decarbonization of the industry along the cement value chain was analyzed: clinker, cement, concrete, construction, re-carbonization and discusses opportunities for applying carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) projects to reduce carbon intensity of the cement industry. Authors consider aspects of forming industrial ecosystems (symbioses), aiming at solving complex intersectoral problems of the development of enterprises and regions. The conclusion is that such characteristics as resource, environmental efficiency and carbon intensity are gradually becoming competitive advantages that are perceived as very significant by various stakeholders in Russia and abroad.
FOR CITATION: Potapova E.N., Guseva T.V., Tolstykh T.O., Bubnov A.G. Technological, technical, organizational and managerial solutions for the sustainable development and decarbonization of the cement sector // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2023. Vol. 30, No2. – Pp. 104 – 115.
KEY WORDS:
zeolites, clinoptilolite, building materials, Portland cement, concrete, cement system, hydration
ABSTRACT:
The article presents an analytical study on the use of natural and synthetic zeolites in the production of building materials. The deposits of zeolites, features of their structure and classification are considered, which make it possible to reveal such useful properties as ion-exchange, sorption, catalytic. A number of researchers noted that the structural features of zeolites affect the structure formation of cement stone, accelerating the hydration of tricalcium silicate and the early formation of C-S-H products. It has been shown that the replacement of a part of Portland cement with zeolite (up to 20%) leads to its saving and improvement of the environmental situation associated with the reduction of harmful emissions in the production of cement clinker. At the same time, more efficient heat-insulating materials suitable for use in arctic conditions, or corrosion-resistant, applicable for hydraulic engineering construction, have been obtained. It was found that zeolite can be used in combination with nanoadditives, which leads to strengthening and compaction of the structure of the cement system and can serve as the basis for obtaining high-strength concretes. Thus, we can conclude that zeolites are ideal components that make it possible to obtain many building materials that are diverse in terms of their functional purpose and serve as an object of material science research.
FOR CITATION: Kozlova I.V., Sinotova M.V. Options for the use of zeolites the production of building materials // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2023. - Vol. 30, No2. - Pp. 116 – 128
concrete structure, aggregate, water demand, volume concentration of cement paste, effective water-cement ratio, volume concentration of aggregate
ABSTRACT:
The article considers the influence of concrete components from the point of view of structural and technological theory. The influence of aggregate on structure formation of cement paste and the properties of concrete is affected on the change in the properties of the concrete mixture, reduction of flowability and shortening the setting time, depending on its content and specific surface area. It is established that the cement paste in concrete is formed under the influence of aggregate that takes the part of the water from cement system and divides the cement paste into micro volumes. Structural and technological characteristics of concrete are presented, which consider the water demand of aggregate in the concrete mixture and hydration degree of the binder and allow to compare the concrete prepared with different aggregates. The proposed structural and technological characteristics are common for concrete and concrete mixture, which allow to optimize the composition of concrete based on the “composition-structure-properties” relationships. This will contribute to the creation of the basis for computer modeling of the structure and properties of concrete with the possibility of using various technogenic wastes. Development of the method of mathematical models requires simultaneous improvement of criteria for evaluation of initial materials and concrete.
A promising direction for the development of such criteria in order to create a uniform approach for the study of different types of concrete is to consider the structure of concrete as a composite material. The proposed methods of assessing the water content of aggregates in concrete mixture during the structural formation of cement paste, mortar and concrete allow to develop a methodology for assessing the quality of any fillers and aggregates from industrial wastes, as well as their influence on the properties of concrete mixtures and concretes.
FOR CITATION: Larsen O.A., Voronin V.V., Saмchenko S.V. Criteria for estimation the structural and technological characteristics of concrete // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2023. – Vol. 30, No. 2. – pp. 129-143.
ceramic fibers, polycrystalline fibers, thermal protection, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, powder synthesis, high-temperature ceramics
ABSTRACT:
This paper presents a brief analysis of the current state of development of technology for the production of polycrystalline high-temperature oxide fibers for heat protection of high-temperature units and equipment, as well as powders for the production of fibers, particularly on the basis of zirconium dioxide. Prospects of application of additives allowing to improve mechanical properties of fibers are considered. The article contains the results of research in the synthesis of fine powders of stabilized zirconium dioxide with the addition of aluminum oxide at reduced temperature using the method of reverse heterophase co-deposition by spraying under pressure. During the synthesis, powders containing cubic zirconium dioxide phase with narrow particle size distribution were obtained: the average particle size was 200-400 nm, and the size of aggregates was 1-2 μm at a synthesis temperature of 750 ℃.
FOR CITATION: Senina M.O., Martyukhova D.A., Popova N.A. Synthesis of zirconium dioxide powders for heat-protective ceramic materials // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2023. Vol. – 30, No2. – Pp. 144 – 151.
cement, titanium oxide, anatase, additive, photocatalysis
ABSTRACT:
As part of the development of modern building materials science, it is necessary to design new functional building materials that would combine maximum physical and mechanical characteristics along with high aesthetic parameters, would be environmentally friendly and durable. Such materials include cement composites based on white cement with the addition of titanium oxide of anatase modification. Within the framework of this work, industrial titanium oxide was introduced into the cement composition in the process of dry mixing, theproperties of cement paste were investigated as well as physical and mechanical and photocatalytic properties of the obtained cement compositions were determined. As a result of the study, the optimal composition with 5% (TiO2) by weight of the mineral binder was found, combining maximum physical, mechanical and photocatalytic parameters.FOR CITATION: Samchenko S.V., Kozlova I.V., Korshunov A.V., Zemskova O.V., Dudareva M.O., Agafonova N.Z. Investigation of physico-mechanical and photocatalytic properties of cement composites modified with industrial titanium dioxide // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2023. Vol. – 30, No2. – Pp. 152 – 161.
KEY WORDS:
Ultra-High-Performance Concrete, silica fume, compacted silica fume, uncompacted silica fume, efficiency factor, strength
ABSTRACT:
The object of research is Ultra-High-Performance Concrete. The most frequently used active mineral admixture to produce this material is silica fume. For rational mix design of concrete with mineral admixture, the efficiency factor of the admixture is widely used, which shows how many mass parts of cement can be replaced by one part of the admixture without reducing the strength of concrete. In this paper, the efficiency factor of two types of silica fume was determined: compacted silica fume (CSF-85) and uncompacted silica fume (SF-85) under different stress states of concrete: compression, bending and tension. The efficiency factor was found to be independent of the type of silica fume. The highest value of the efficiency factor was obtained when the concrete was tested in splitting tension, while the lowest value was obtained in compression. In the course of analyzing the results obtained in this work, as well as data from various literature sources, regression equations were obtained to calculate the efficiency factor of silica fume depending on its dosage. An equation for calculating concrete strength as a function of effective water-cement ratio was also derived.FOR CITATION: Solovev V.G., Matiushin E.V. Efficiency factor of silica fume in ultra-high-performance concrete // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2023. Vol. – 30, No2. – Pp. 162 – 177.
KEY WORDS:
expanded clay dust, cement-silicate paint, portland cement, dry powder for producing liquid soda glass, production waste
ABSTRACT:
The presented work examines the possibility of using waste from the production of expanded clay gravel - expanded clay dust - as a modifying component in a decorative and finishing facade composition based on dry powder to produce liquid soda glass and portland cement. A comprehensive study of the control and modified compositions was carried out using methods of physicochemical analysis: IR spectral, differential thermal and scanning electron microscopy. It has been established that expanded clay dust has a slight effect on the mineralogical composition of new formations in a silicate coating, but helps to reduce the size of pores and their more uniform distribution throughout the volume of the hardened composition, which helps to compact the structure and increase the strength of the coating. The developed composition differs from the known two-component traditional silicate compositions by the possibility of producing it in the form of a dry mixture, which can be mixed with water before use.
FOR CITATION: Yakovlev G.I., Knyazeva S.A., Gordina A.F., Polyanskikh I.S., Buryanov A.F., Dulesova I.G. Decorative and finishing silicate composition modified with expanded clay dust concrete // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2023. Vol. – 30, No2. – Pp. 178 – 186.
KEY WORDS:
carbon dioxide, carbonization corrosion, degradation, shrinkage, chemical additives, self-healing cracks, calcium hydrocarboaluminates and hydrocarboxylicates, cement stone, "dry ice".
ABSTRACT:
Carbonization of cement stone depending on the binder composition, curing conditions and variable environmental factors can lead to corrosion and irreversible degradation as well as serve as a powerful creative factor of structure strengthening, self-healing of concrete cracks, reduction of shrinkage and carbonization corrosion of building material. The observed processes of structure formation during natural and forced carbonization of cement systems are based on reactions of interaction of carbon dioxide and its derivatives with calcium aluminates and aluminoferrites with formation of hydrocarboaluminates of different composition. The decisive role in the stability of curing structures capable of resisting both carbon dioxide and sulfate corrosion of cement stone and concrete is the binding of portlandite, and in some cases, the introduction of chemical additives leading to the strengthening of structures. It is shown that the retarding effect of additives on the hydration processes and the formation of films on the products of new formations leads to the emergence of more homogeneous and more durable curing structures.
FOR CITATION: Kozlova V.K., Sarkisov Y.S., Gorlenko N.P. Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the development creation of composite cements resistant to the negative impact of variable environmental factors // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2023. Vol. – 30, No2. – Pp.187 – 196.
Volume 30
Volume 30