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KEY WORDS:
chemical additives for building materials, antifreeze additives, hardening accelerators, plasticizing additives, complex action modifiers, surface phenomena and dispersed systems, microfillers, corrosion of cement stone and concrete.
ABSTRACT:
In modern building materials science, the main production of effective building materials is the use of various chemical additives. Such additives have a wide range of activities from modifying known cements to improve their properties and expand their scope, improve technological properties to improve the quality and reliability of building materials. The objective of the study is to consider various types of inorganic and organic chemical additives used in building materials science. The methodological basis of this study is the analysis of literature data on the effectiveness of plasticizing additives and modifiers of complex action, providing a solution to important technical problems that arise during the construction and operation of various structures. The result of the study shows that understanding the laws of chemistry and their use in building materials science is extremely important in solving the problem of increasing the production efficiency and quality of building materials and products based on them.FOR CITATION: Samchenko S.V., Krivoborodov Yu.R. The role of chemistry in building materials science // Technique and technology of silicates. 2022.Vol. 29. No3. Pp 200 – 216.
KEY WORDS:
ferritic clinkers, solid-phase solutions, structure modification, elementary cell
FOR CITATION: Grebeniuk A.A., Borisov I.N., Davidyuk A.S., Nikitina M.A. Formation of solid-phase solutions in the synthesis of high-base ferritic clinker // Technique and technology of silicates. 2022. Vol. 29. No3. Pp 217 – 230.
ABSTRACT:
The paper considers the possibility of obtaining a highly effective magnesia binder from dolomite waste and building materials based on it, in particular, alkaline-reactive lightweight concrete, using granular porous glass ceramics as a light aggregate. The rocks of four different deposits were investigated, in particular, dolomite waste from Latvia, Russia, Uzbekistan, for which a number of studies were carried out to determine their physicochemical and structural characteristics. Based on the literature data and studies carried out using XRF, DTA-TG, etc., the temperature range for firing dolomite raw materials was developed - 730-760-790 ° C. For the first time, the course of self-organization processes of the nanostructure of magnesia cement stone was theoretically and practically justified, contributing to significant compaction. and increasing its strength. The assessment of the binding properties of the obtained material was carried out by testing samples - cubes with a size of 20x20x20mm, prepared using a MgCl2 solution as a grout, with a density of 1200 kg/m3. The strength of the samples was determined at the age of 1 and 7 days after hardening under normal conditions. Experimental studies of lightweight concrete with an average density of 1200 kg/m3 and a strength of 15 MPa with a filler in the form of granular porous glass-ceramics have shown that it is promising for use for enclosing structures of buildings and structures.KEY WORDS:
pozzolanic activity, fillers, active mineral additives, water demand, pozzolanic activity evaluation methods.
ABSTRACT:
High the quality and reliability of hydraulic engineering construction is the basis of civil engineering technology. The use of mineral additives in hydraulic concrete decreases heat dissipation, contribute to a reduced adiabatic rise in the temperature of concrete, improve its performance characteristics and increase durability.FOR CITATION: Larsen O.A, Naruts V.V, Bakhrakh A.M. Pozzolanic activity of mineral additives for hydraulic concrete // Technique and technology of silicates. 2022. Vol. 29. No3. Pp 250 – 260.
ABSTRACT:
A variety of superplasticizers allows designing materials with specific rheological and strength characteristics. The right choice of plasticizer and its dosage is an urgent task in modern construction. The aim of the research work was to compare the effect of plasticizers of different types, paying special attention to structural features and adsorption behavior. Polymers of polycarboxylate ether (PCE) with different length and different distribution of side chains, and also plasticizers: lignosulfonate technical (LST), sulfonaphthalene formaldehyde SNV (C-3), sulfomelaminformaldehyde (SMF) representing polyanionic surface-active substances were studied. Dependences of adsorption efficiency and specific adsorption capacity for plasticizers depending on the type and their dosage were obtained. The general trend of adsorption efficiency for all plasticizers having maximum values is characteristic of lower dosages. The presence of two different patterns of behavior for plasticizers LST, C-3, SMF and PCE was predetermined. It was confirmed that the action of plasticizers based on high-molecular organic compounds such as polycarboxylate esters is based on a combination of electrostatic and steric (spatial) effects. The latter is achieved by using the side hydrophobic polyether chains of the polycarboxylate ester molecule. Due to this, the plasticizing effect of such superplasticizers is several times stronger than that of conventional ones.FOR CITATION: Vasilik P.G., Buryanov A.F., Samchenko S.V. Comparison of the adsorption behavior of plasticizers of different types // Technique and technology of silicates. 2022. Vol. 29. No3. Pp 261 – 273.
KEY WORDS:
jet grouting, soil strengthening, soil concrete, complex engineering and geological conditions, structural deformations.
ABSTRACT:
The urgency of the problem associated with using the technology of jet grouting of soils in difficult technical and geological conditions is confirmed. Due to the peculiarities of jet grouting technologies and the possibility of using certain technical indicators of injection modes for different types of soil, uncontrolled deformations of the soil mass may occur during the implementation of the technology. The results of the analysis of the parameters of the jet grouting soils are presented, and general patterns are established, among which it is necessary to correct or exclude the technology of the high-pressure grouting jet. Theoretically justified and experimentally proved the effectiveness of the application of jet injection technology and established the general applicability of the use of these injection methods with an increase in solid soil technical indicators.FOR CITATION: Alekseev V.А., Bazhenova O.Yu., Ravi Sagar Poudel Problem of Implementing Jet Cementation Technology in Complex Engineering and Geological Conditions // Technique and technology of silicates. 2022. Vol. 29. No3. Pp 274 – 283.
KEY WORDS:
activation in a vortex electromagnetic layer, hydration, phase composition, additive strength model of cement stone
ABSTRACT:
The article presents data on the activation of Portland cement in a vortex electromagnetic layer. The study of the structure of the cement stone was carried out using X-ray phase analysis, the quantitative calculation of the phases was carried out by the Rietveld method. As a result of the studies performed, it was found that the activation of Portland cement in the vortex electromagnetic layer has a significant effect on the phase composition of the hydrated cement stone. A feature of the hardening of cement stone obtained by the activation of Portland cement in the vortex layer is a significant increase in the activity of C2S - belite. The amount of C2S reacted in the first hardening knocks is 6.2 times higher, by 28 days - 1.6 times higher, compared with the control composition. Within the framework of the additive model of cement stone strength, it was found that the strength of cement stone hydration products of activated Portland cement in the vortex electromagnetic layer is higher, while a more significant increase in the strength of hydration products is naturally observed with an increase in the duration of hardening: for the control composition, the increase in strength of hydration products is more than 2, 28 times, and for the activated composition - more than 2.37 times.FOR CITATION: Ibragimov R.A., Korolev E.V., Shinkarev A.A., Deberdeev T.R. Phase composition of cement stone produced by activation of binder in vortex electromagnetic layer // Technique and technology of silicates. 2022. Vol. 29. No3. Pp 284 – 294.