Technique and technology of silicates
International journal of binders,
ceramics, glass and enamels
ISSN 2076−0655
ceramics, glass and enamels
ISSN 2076−0655
The issue
2021 ТТS №1
Volume 28
Volume 28
Any article from the issue, as well as the entire issue, can be purchased electronically
KEY WORD:
construction gypsum, production, hydration, structure formation, hardening, volume deformations.
ABSTRACT:
The traditional scheme of building gypsum hardening, which involves the dissolution of the binder, chemical interaction of reagents, supersaturation of the pore fluid with new formations, precipitation and coalescence of crystals, does not reflect the essence of the real process. It is no secret: the hydration of gypsum is reversible, i.e. the hardened gypsum composite is technologically easy and simple to transfer to the initial binding state. As a consequence, we should not talk about the chemical, but only the physical nature of the interaction of reagents by adsorption binding of the solid phase to the associated liquid medium. The dynamics of a number of properties accompanying the hardening of the building gypsum, which logically fit into the hydration model presented in the article, is presented.
For citation: Pshenichny G.N. Studies of hardening of construction gypsum // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 2 – 6.
construction gypsum, production, hydration, structure formation, hardening, volume deformations.
ABSTRACT:
The traditional scheme of building gypsum hardening, which involves the dissolution of the binder, chemical interaction of reagents, supersaturation of the pore fluid with new formations, precipitation and coalescence of crystals, does not reflect the essence of the real process. It is no secret: the hydration of gypsum is reversible, i.e. the hardened gypsum composite is technologically easy and simple to transfer to the initial binding state. As a consequence, we should not talk about the chemical, but only the physical nature of the interaction of reagents by adsorption binding of the solid phase to the associated liquid medium. The dynamics of a number of properties accompanying the hardening of the building gypsum, which logically fit into the hydration model presented in the article, is presented.
For citation: Pshenichny G.N. Studies of hardening of construction gypsum // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 2 – 6.
KEY WORD:
pozzolanic activity, amorphous silica oxide, natural pozzolan, rice husk ash, silica fume, ash and slag waste, mineral additive
ABSTRACT:
The article was compared the activities of blast furnace slag, natural pozzolan, low-calcium fly ash of the "Vung Ang" TPP, mechanically activated rice husk and silica fume silica SF-90 established by different methods for determining the pozzolanic activity of finely dispersed active mineral components.
Materials and Methods: blast furnace slag (BFS), natural pozzolan (PU), low-calcium fly ash (LCFA) of "Vung Ang" TPP, mechanically activated rice husk ash (RHA) and silica fume silica SF-90 (FS-90), as well as river quartz sand, were used. The following research methods were used: the shapes and sizes of particles of powdered raw materials were determined by laser granulometry, the pozzolanic activity of mineral additives was determined by absorption of a lime solution and by the French standard NF P18 - 513: 2010.
Results: determined puzzolanic activity of mineral additives by the method of absorption by the lime solution in 30 days respectively: BFS - 61 mg/g, PU - 102 mg/g, LCFA "Vung Ang" - 134 mg/g and RHA - 197 mg/g, and SF-90 - 326 mg/g. It was established that the amount of Ca (OH)2 absorbed by the additives BFS, PU, LCFA "Vung Ang", RHA and SF-90, determined by the method of the French standard NF P18-513: 2010, in which the activity is determined for 16 hours, coincides with the amount of calcium hydroxide determined by the method of absorption by the lime solution for 30 days.
Conclusions: According to GOST R 56592-2015, mineral additives PU, LCFA "Vung Ang", RHA and SF-90 can be attributed to mineral additives with high pozzolanic activity, but BFS - with average pozzolanic activity.
For citation: Tang Van Lam, Nguyen Doan Tung Lam. Puzzolanic activity of fine mineral components of various nature of Vietnam // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 7 – 12.
pozzolanic activity, amorphous silica oxide, natural pozzolan, rice husk ash, silica fume, ash and slag waste, mineral additive
ABSTRACT:
The article was compared the activities of blast furnace slag, natural pozzolan, low-calcium fly ash of the "Vung Ang" TPP, mechanically activated rice husk and silica fume silica SF-90 established by different methods for determining the pozzolanic activity of finely dispersed active mineral components.
Materials and Methods: blast furnace slag (BFS), natural pozzolan (PU), low-calcium fly ash (LCFA) of "Vung Ang" TPP, mechanically activated rice husk ash (RHA) and silica fume silica SF-90 (FS-90), as well as river quartz sand, were used. The following research methods were used: the shapes and sizes of particles of powdered raw materials were determined by laser granulometry, the pozzolanic activity of mineral additives was determined by absorption of a lime solution and by the French standard NF P18 - 513: 2010.
Results: determined puzzolanic activity of mineral additives by the method of absorption by the lime solution in 30 days respectively: BFS - 61 mg/g, PU - 102 mg/g, LCFA "Vung Ang" - 134 mg/g and RHA - 197 mg/g, and SF-90 - 326 mg/g. It was established that the amount of Ca (OH)2 absorbed by the additives BFS, PU, LCFA "Vung Ang", RHA and SF-90, determined by the method of the French standard NF P18-513: 2010, in which the activity is determined for 16 hours, coincides with the amount of calcium hydroxide determined by the method of absorption by the lime solution for 30 days.
Conclusions: According to GOST R 56592-2015, mineral additives PU, LCFA "Vung Ang", RHA and SF-90 can be attributed to mineral additives with high pozzolanic activity, but BFS - with average pozzolanic activity.
For citation: Tang Van Lam, Nguyen Doan Tung Lam. Puzzolanic activity of fine mineral components of various nature of Vietnam // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 7 – 12.
KEY WORD:
Water, oil, liquid, state of aggregation, diagram, structure, loose, relay mechanism, rheology, viscosity, fluidity, dispersed system, phase boundary, time factor, extreme states, superdeep cooling, convergence
ABSTRACT:
Water was and remains the most extraordinary substance on Earth. Until very recently, the structure and anomalous properties of water have caused heated discussions among both domestic and foreign scientists of different generations. This is due, first of all, to the complexity of the object of study, the ability of water, even with insignificant external influences, to easily pass from one metastable state to another. Of course, the state of water at the triple point on the phase diagram is of particular interest. In this regard, the paper considers the particular qualities in the pressure-temperature coordinates of some substances in the liquid state of aggregation. The authors hypothesized that all substances in a liquid state of aggregation should have common features, despite their original individuality. A universal feature that unites all possible aggregate states of water is the ability of the systems to smoothly transition from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous state. This transition from a single-phase to a two- or more phase system, that characterized by the appearance of a phase boundary under certain conditions, i.e., the formation of a dispersed system. It is especially noted in the work that until now, when analyzing the transitions of water from one state of aggregation to another, the time factor of the existence of a particular phase in an equilibrium or metastable state as well as the lifetime of the dispersed system were not taken into account. The explosive development of water sciences has led to the discovery of the unique properties of water in extreme conditions. For example, the ability of water not to freeze even with superdeep cooling, much lower than the freezing point of liquid nitrogen, or the experimentally proven fact that at -68 °C water acts as a mixture of two liquids of different densities, and others. Further advances in the study of the properties and conditions of water are inevitably associated with the convergence of natural sciences.
For citation: Sarkisov Yu.S., Gorlenko N.P., Zubkova O.A., Sarkisov D.Yu. Particular qualities of the structure and properties of water in a liquid aggregate state // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 12 – 17.
Water, oil, liquid, state of aggregation, diagram, structure, loose, relay mechanism, rheology, viscosity, fluidity, dispersed system, phase boundary, time factor, extreme states, superdeep cooling, convergence
ABSTRACT:
Water was and remains the most extraordinary substance on Earth. Until very recently, the structure and anomalous properties of water have caused heated discussions among both domestic and foreign scientists of different generations. This is due, first of all, to the complexity of the object of study, the ability of water, even with insignificant external influences, to easily pass from one metastable state to another. Of course, the state of water at the triple point on the phase diagram is of particular interest. In this regard, the paper considers the particular qualities in the pressure-temperature coordinates of some substances in the liquid state of aggregation. The authors hypothesized that all substances in a liquid state of aggregation should have common features, despite their original individuality. A universal feature that unites all possible aggregate states of water is the ability of the systems to smoothly transition from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous state. This transition from a single-phase to a two- or more phase system, that characterized by the appearance of a phase boundary under certain conditions, i.e., the formation of a dispersed system. It is especially noted in the work that until now, when analyzing the transitions of water from one state of aggregation to another, the time factor of the existence of a particular phase in an equilibrium or metastable state as well as the lifetime of the dispersed system were not taken into account. The explosive development of water sciences has led to the discovery of the unique properties of water in extreme conditions. For example, the ability of water not to freeze even with superdeep cooling, much lower than the freezing point of liquid nitrogen, or the experimentally proven fact that at -68 °C water acts as a mixture of two liquids of different densities, and others. Further advances in the study of the properties and conditions of water are inevitably associated with the convergence of natural sciences.
For citation: Sarkisov Yu.S., Gorlenko N.P., Zubkova O.A., Sarkisov D.Yu. Particular qualities of the structure and properties of water in a liquid aggregate state // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 12 – 17.
KEY WORD:
cullet, liquid glass, dispersion of cullet, aerated concrete, density of aerated concrete, compressive strength, coefficient of thermal conductivity
ABSTRACT:
Currently, foam glass and gas glass are widely used among inorganic heat-insulating materials. This article describes the possibility of producing aerated concrete using a low energy-intensive technology using technical glass breakage together with liquid glass. It is shown that finely ground unsorted breakage of technical glass with a specific surface area of 450, 500 and 550 m2/kg gives the necessary strength to aerated concrete. It has been established that the optimum is grinding to a specific surface area of 500-550 m2/kg, a finer grinding is irrational, because it does not lead to a significant increase in the surface of the particles. It is also shown that the use of only finely ground cullet in the composition of aerated concrete is not effective, since the density of the samples increases with a significant decrease in strength due to the fragility of the interpore partitions. At the same time, thermal conductivity increases and the operating temperature range decreases to 400 °C, due to an increase in the fusibility of the material. It is necessary to reinforce the resulting partitions for the formation of a dense and durable structure. For this, it is proposed to use crushed cullet with particle size modulus 0.945. The necessary strength for aerated concrete based on liquid glass and unsorted breakage of technical glass is achieved when the ratio between finely ground and crushed cullet is in the range of 1.97 - 2.24. With an average density of aerated concrete in a dry state of 150 - 320 kg/m3, the compressive strength is might be up to 2.0 MPa and the bending strength is might be up to 0.38 MPa. The aerated concrete obtained in this work had a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.05 – 0.09 W/(m°C), with an operating temperature range of -60 ... + 800 °C.
For citation: Zaitseva A.A., Zaitseva E.I., Samchenko S.V. Perspective heat insulation materials based on glass and liquid glass // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 17 – 20.
cullet, liquid glass, dispersion of cullet, aerated concrete, density of aerated concrete, compressive strength, coefficient of thermal conductivity
ABSTRACT:
Currently, foam glass and gas glass are widely used among inorganic heat-insulating materials. This article describes the possibility of producing aerated concrete using a low energy-intensive technology using technical glass breakage together with liquid glass. It is shown that finely ground unsorted breakage of technical glass with a specific surface area of 450, 500 and 550 m2/kg gives the necessary strength to aerated concrete. It has been established that the optimum is grinding to a specific surface area of 500-550 m2/kg, a finer grinding is irrational, because it does not lead to a significant increase in the surface of the particles. It is also shown that the use of only finely ground cullet in the composition of aerated concrete is not effective, since the density of the samples increases with a significant decrease in strength due to the fragility of the interpore partitions. At the same time, thermal conductivity increases and the operating temperature range decreases to 400 °C, due to an increase in the fusibility of the material. It is necessary to reinforce the resulting partitions for the formation of a dense and durable structure. For this, it is proposed to use crushed cullet with particle size modulus 0.945. The necessary strength for aerated concrete based on liquid glass and unsorted breakage of technical glass is achieved when the ratio between finely ground and crushed cullet is in the range of 1.97 - 2.24. With an average density of aerated concrete in a dry state of 150 - 320 kg/m3, the compressive strength is might be up to 2.0 MPa and the bending strength is might be up to 0.38 MPa. The aerated concrete obtained in this work had a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.05 – 0.09 W/(m°C), with an operating temperature range of -60 ... + 800 °C.
For citation: Zaitseva A.A., Zaitseva E.I., Samchenko S.V. Perspective heat insulation materials based on glass and liquid glass // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 17 – 20.
KEY WORD:
calcium stearate, suspension of calcium stearate, fine-grained concrete, water absorption.
ABSTRACT:
The article presents experimental data obtained during the use of powdered calcium stearate and its suspension as bulk water repellents for fine-grained concrete. The use of powdered calcium stearate in an amount of 0.5% of the mass of cement led to an increase in air intake by 1.7 times, mobility by 8.5%, and a decrease in density by 2.5% compared to similar indicators of a concrete mixture without a water repellent. Powdered calcium stearate had no significant effect on compressive strength and flexural strength. With the introduction of CS in the form of a suspension and a powder in an amount of 0.5%, the capillary water absorption was reduced by 3 times, the water absorption by weight after the first day was 19% less than that of the samples without the additive. During the first day, water absorption for samples with a suspension of CS in an amount of 0.5% was 8.8%, for samples with CS powder - 7.6%. The highest water absorption is typical for samples without a hydrophobization and was equal to 9.3%, the lowest for samples with an CS suspension in the amount of 1.5% –4.4%. The introduction of a suspension of calcium stearate in an amount of 0.5% by weight of cement led to an increase in air entrainment by 2.1 times, a decrease in density by 4%, and a decrease in mobility by 5% compared to the samples without additive.
For citation: Soloviev V., ShvetsovaV. Research of concrete modified with calcium stearate Ca(C18H35O2)2 // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 20 – 26.
calcium stearate, suspension of calcium stearate, fine-grained concrete, water absorption.
ABSTRACT:
The article presents experimental data obtained during the use of powdered calcium stearate and its suspension as bulk water repellents for fine-grained concrete. The use of powdered calcium stearate in an amount of 0.5% of the mass of cement led to an increase in air intake by 1.7 times, mobility by 8.5%, and a decrease in density by 2.5% compared to similar indicators of a concrete mixture without a water repellent. Powdered calcium stearate had no significant effect on compressive strength and flexural strength. With the introduction of CS in the form of a suspension and a powder in an amount of 0.5%, the capillary water absorption was reduced by 3 times, the water absorption by weight after the first day was 19% less than that of the samples without the additive. During the first day, water absorption for samples with a suspension of CS in an amount of 0.5% was 8.8%, for samples with CS powder - 7.6%. The highest water absorption is typical for samples without a hydrophobization and was equal to 9.3%, the lowest for samples with an CS suspension in the amount of 1.5% –4.4%. The introduction of a suspension of calcium stearate in an amount of 0.5% by weight of cement led to an increase in air entrainment by 2.1 times, a decrease in density by 4%, and a decrease in mobility by 5% compared to the samples without additive.
For citation: Soloviev V., ShvetsovaV. Research of concrete modified with calcium stearate Ca(C18H35O2)2 // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 20 – 26.
KEY WORD:
redispersal powders, hydrophobicity, adhesion, tile adhesive.
ABSTRACT:
The article discusses the features of the use of redispersal powders based on copolymers of vinyl acetate-ethylene and vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate. The influence of the monomeric composition of RPP on the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based tile adhesive according to the methods of state standard GOST R 56387-2018 is considered. When using unmodified cellulose ethers, such as MAPF CE 60000, it is possible to obtain C1 tile adhesives on a wide range of redispersal powders both based on vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers and on vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymer.
For citation: Vasilik P.G., Makarov E.M. Features of application of redispersal powders // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 26 – 30.
redispersal powders, hydrophobicity, adhesion, tile adhesive.
ABSTRACT:
The article discusses the features of the use of redispersal powders based on copolymers of vinyl acetate-ethylene and vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate. The influence of the monomeric composition of RPP on the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based tile adhesive according to the methods of state standard GOST R 56387-2018 is considered. When using unmodified cellulose ethers, such as MAPF CE 60000, it is possible to obtain C1 tile adhesives on a wide range of redispersal powders both based on vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers and on vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymer.
For citation: Vasilik P.G., Makarov E.M. Features of application of redispersal powders // Technique and technology of silicates. – 2021.Vol. 28, No1. – Pp 26 – 30.